Which of the following best describes a hematoma?

A hematoma is specifically defined as a localized collection of blood that has seeped out of blood vessels and pools in surrounding tissue. This condition commonly occurs due to trauma or injury, where blood vessels rupture, leading to blood collecting in a specific area. The fluid buildup can cause swelling, discoloration, and pain in the affected region. Understanding this definition is crucial for phlebotomy technicians, as recognizing a hematoma is important for patient assessment and management during and after blood collection procedures.

The other options describe different medical conditions or situations: excessive bleeding relates to a generalized loss of blood which may not necessarily form a localized collection; anemia refers to a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin; and while a hematoma can sometimes lead to complications, it is not classified as a life-threatening condition in most standard cases.