What are the signs of an allergic reaction during venipuncture?

An allergic reaction during venipuncture is characterized by symptoms that indicate the body's immune response to a substance it deems harmful. Hives, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing are common signs of an allergic response. Hives (urticaria) can appear as raised, red welts on the skin, while itching often accompanies these welts. Swelling may occur in localized areas or more generalized regions of the body, depending on the severity of the reaction. Difficulty breathing is particularly concerning, as it can indicate a serious allergic response known as anaphylaxis, which requires immediate medical attention.

In contrast, other options describe symptoms that do not specifically align with allergic reactions. Swelling and redness alone may occur due to localized irritation or injury unrelated to an allergic response. Dizziness and headache can result from factors such as anxiety, dehydration, or vasovagal responses but are not direct indicators of an allergy. Fever and chills typically signal infection or illness, rather than an allergic reaction. Thus, the comprehensive signs listed in the correct choice provide a clearer indication of what to observe for an allergic reaction during venipuncture.